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Working with JUnit test cases Working with JUnit test cases This section explains how to use the EJB Test Client wizard to create a JUnit test case and how to run it. Creating a JUnit test case JUnit is an open source framework for unit testing written by Erich Gamma and Kent Beck. JUnit provides a variety of features which support unit testing, among them two classes, junit.framework.TestCase and junit.framework.TestSuite, which are used as base classes for writing unit tests. JUnit also provides three different kinds of test runners, TextUI, SwingUI, and AwtUI. Of these three test runners, two of them, TextUI and SwingUI, are available within the JBuilder IDE. The EJB Test Client wizard can generate a JUnit test case (a class that extends TestCase) for testing your EJB. To create and run a JUnit test for an EJB, you need the following: A properly configured server that supports EJB services. A project which has the correct server selected on the Server page of the Project Properties dialog box. An EJB, contained in an EJB Module. A JUnit EJB test client, which you can create with the EJB Test Client wizard. A Server type runtime configuration that uses the correct server settings. See Creating a Server runtime configuration on page 96. A Test type runtime configuration. The simplest way to create this is to check Create A Runtime Configuration in the last step of the EJB Test Client wizard when you create your JUnit EJB test client. This helps ensure that the Test runtime configuration has the proper settings. See also Configuring the target server settings in Developing Applications for J2EE Servers Creating a Server runtime configuration on page 96 Unit Testing in Building Applications with JBuilder Setting runtime configurations in Building Applications with JBuilder Creating a JUnit test case using the EJB Test Client wizard The EJB Test Client wizard can generate three different types of test clients for your EJB. One of these is a standard JUnit test client. Another type of JUnit test client is a Cactus JUnit test client, but that s discussed later. To generate a standard JUnit test client for your EJB, 1 Select File|New. 2 Select EJB Test Client on the Enterprise|EJB page of the object gallery. Click OK. The EJB Test Client wizard opens. 3 Select the JUnit Test option. 4 Click Next to go to the next step of the EJB Test Client wizard. 5 Select the bean you want to create a client for using one of the Select EJB options and specify the bean: Select From Project if your bean is in the current project and specify which bean by selecting it from the drop-down list. Select From JAR Or Directory if your bean is not in the current project, but exists elsewhere in a JAR file or a directory. Use the ellipsis ( ) button to navigate to 98 Developing Applications with Enterprise JavaBeans

Working with test client applications 6 If Borland Enterprise Server is your target application server, click the Library node in the tree. (This option is not available for other servers.) Select those libraries you want deployed from the Libraries To Deploy At Runtime list. 7 Click OK two times. Running your EJB test client application For Borland Enterprise Server 5.2.1 users, you now start the Borland Enterprise Server Management Agent. Choose Enterprise|Borland Enterprise Server Management Agent. (This step is optional as the server startup process attempts to start the Enterprise Management Agent if it isn t already started.) Now you re ready to start the container. Select the Server runtime configuration from the drop-down list next to the Run button on the JBuilder toolbar: The container starts up. Be patient as the startup process takes a while. You can view the progress of the startup process in the message window. Any errors that occur will also appear there. If you need to, deploy the archives you want to test to the server. Next select the Client runtime configuration to run your client application. The messages that appear in the message pane report the success or failure of the client application s execution. You can debug your enterprise beans or the client just as you would any other Java code with JBuilder. For information about debugging, see Debugging Java programs in Building Applications with JBuilder. Chapter 11: Running and testing an enterprise bean 97
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Working with test client applications Using your test client application to test your enterprise bean Once you ve created a client test application, you re ready to start the container and run the client application. Create two runtime configurations: Server and Client. Creating a Server runtime configuration You will need to create a Server runtime configuration no matter which of the three types of EJB test clients you re using. To create a Server configuration, 1 Choose Run|Configurations. 2 In the dialog box that appears, click the New button. 3 Select Server from the Type drop-down list. 4 In the Name field, enter Server. 5 Fill in the VM Parameters and Server Parameters needed to run the server. If you ve selected a target application server as described in Selecting an application server in the Developing Applications for J2EE Servers book, default values are already in place. 96 Developing Applications with Enterprise JavaBeans
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Working with test client applications Using the test client application You can quickly add a declaration of a test client class to any class. 1 Display the class in which you want the declaration to appear in the editor. 2 Choose Enterprise|EJB|Use EJB Test Client. 3 If the test client already exists, check the EJB Test Client Class Already Exists option. If this option isn t checked, when you click Next, the EJB Test Client wizard starts. When you are through using it, the Use EJB Test Client wizard resumes. 4 Click Next to go to Step 2. 5 For the Class field, navigate to the test client class you want to use. 6 In the Field field, specify a name for the variable that will hold an instance of the test client class, or accept the default value the wizard suggests. 7 Choose Finish. The wizard adds a declaration of the test client application you specified to the class like this, for example: EmployeeTestClient1 employeeTestClient1 = new EmployeeTestClient1(); Now you re ready to call the methods declared in the test client application. Chapter 11: Running and testing an enterprise bean 95
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Working with test client applications 8 Choose Next. 9 Check the Create a Runtime Configuration check box and supply the information needed to create a runtime configuration. JBuilder suggests a default name you can change to any name of your choosing. 10 Choose Finish. The EJB Test Client wizard generates a test client that creates a reference to the enterprise bean. If the Generate Logging Messages option is selected, for each method declared in the bean s remote interface, the wizard also declares and implements a method that calls the remote method. Each of these methods reports its success in invoking the remote method and how long the remote method took to execute. There are multiple ways to use the generated test client application. If you added a main() function to the test client application, you can write the code that invokes the calls to the enterprise bean s methods in the main() function. You do this by first calling either a create or find method, and, if a remote reference is returned, by using that remote reference to call the bean s business methods. Or, because the wizard has declared a client object in the main() function, you can use that client object to simply call the methods declared in the test client application that call the bean s remote methods. If you selected the Generate Method For Testing Remote Interface Calls With Default Arguments option, your client class now contains a testRemoteCallsWithDefaultArguments() method. If you selected the logging option, this method calls the remote method wrappers that were generated from the logging option. To test each remote method, you can then simply call testRemoteCallsWithDefaultArguments() after you create a remote interface reference in either the client class create() method or in one of its findByXXX() methods. If you did not select the logging option, the testRemoteCallsWithDefaultArguments() method requires a remote interface passed as a parameter. You must then create a remote interface reference in either the home reference s create() method or in one of its findByXXX() methods. Then add the code to the client class to call the testRemoteCallsWithDefaultArguments() method, passing it the remote reference as an argument. If you prefer to write the logic that calls each of the business methods from another class, you can choose to create and use an instance of the test client application. See Using the test client application on page 95. Compile your test client application by right-clicking the test client node in the project pane and choosing Make. 94 Developing Applications with Enterprise JavaBeans
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Working with test client applications 3 Select the Application test client type and choose Next. 4 Select the bean you want to create a client for using one of the Select EJB options and specifying the bean: Select From Project if your bean is in the current project and specify which bean by selecting it from the drop-down list. Select From JAR Or Directory if your bean is not in the current project, but exists elsewhere in a JAR file or a directory. Use the ellipsis ( ) button to navigate to where the JAR is located and select the JAR, then use the drop-down list to select the bean you want. Note You will see only EJBs with remote interfaces in these lists because enterprise beans with local interfaces cannot be accessed by a client application, only by another bean or a web component. 5 Select the package name from the list of packages. The current package is the default value. 6 Enter a name for the test client class or accept the default name. 7 Select the options you want: Generate Method For Testing Remote Interface Calls With Default Arguments Adds a testRemoteCallsWithDefaultArguments() method that tests the remote interface calls with default argument values. For example, the default argument for a String is , the default argument for an int is 0, and so on. Generate Logging Messages Adds code that displays messages reporting on the bean s status as the client runs. For example, a message is displayed when bean initialization is begun and another when it completes. This option also generates wrappers for all the methods declared in the home and remote interfaces and initialization functions. Finally, the messages report how long each method call takes to complete. Generate Main Function Adds the main function to the client. Generate Header Comments Adds JavaDoc header comments to the client you can use to fill in information such as title, author, and so on. Chapter 11: Running and testing an enterprise bean 93
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Working with test client applications Choosing the type of test client With three different types of test clients to choose from, it may be difficult to decide which type is right for you. The following discussion of the merits of each type of test client may help you decide. The Application type of EJB test client is the easiest to set up. It works like an application and connects to the server. Validating the test results must be done manually, however, because it does not make use of the JUnit testing framework. Use of the JUnit type of test client requires knowledge of the JUnit framework. This type of test client is highly automated and can be run as part of a test suite. Use of the JUnit framework allows automatic checking of results and good reporting capabilities. It is not as powerful as the Cactus type, because it runs the test as a client. The Cactus type of test client is the most comprehensive among the three different types. It requires Cactus and the JUnit framework, which makes setup more complex than for the other types. Cactus test cases run on the server, so they can access server-side resources. This is the only type of test client that can test an EJB 2.0 bean with a local interface. Working with test client applications This section explains how to use the EJB Test Client wizard to create a simple test client application and how to use the resulting application to test your enterprise bean. Creating a test client application JBuilder can help you create a test client application that makes calls to your new bean. To create a test client application, 1 Open the project that contains the EJB module for your enterprise bean. 2 Choose File|New, select Enterprise|EJB in the tree to display the EJB page, and double-click the EJB Test Client icon to display the EJB Test Client wizard: 92 Developing Applications with Enterprise JavaBeans
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Note for WebLogic 7.x and 8.1 users Note for WebSphere 4.0 Advanced Edition users Note for WebSphere and WebLogic users Chapter 11 Running and testing an enterprise bean Once you ve finished creating, compiling, and deploying an enterprise bean, you re ready to run it. For some servers, the quickest way to do that is to right-click its EJB module or the JAR file the module contains and select Run Using Defaults or Debug Using Defaults from the context menu. Or you can create a runtime configuration for your bean and select Run Using or Debug Using from the context menu.This starts the container for the currently selected application server using the JAR for this EJB module. Be patient as the start-up process takes a while. Context menu items for running or debugging don t appear when you right-click the JAR file or EJB module in the project pane. Deployment is not available at startup time for WebLogic 7.x and 8.1. Deploy your deployable modules after the server starts up. You can view the progress of the start-up process in the message pane. Any errors that occur will also appear there. If you want to run multiple JARs on the current application server, select multiple EJB modules. You must create an application module that contains your beans before deploying. For more information about application modules, see Creating an application module on page 111. After choosing Run or Debug from the toolbar, you must then take the extra step of choosing a Deploy menu command to deploy your beans. See Hot deploying to an application server on page 115. Testing your bean To test your bean, you can use the EJB Test Client wizard to generate test clients that make calls to your bean. The EJB Test Client wizard can generate three different types of test clients: An EJB test client application calls the methods of your bean. A JUnit test case makes use of the JUnit testing framework. It runs as a client in a separate VM from your EJB, passing parameters by value. A Cactus JUnit test case runs on the server, so it can access server-side resources and make local calls to your EJB from a web application. Chapter 11: Running and testing an enterprise bean 91
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90 Developing Applications with Enterprise JavaBeans
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Editing deployment descriptors What an EJB JAR contains The resulting set of files for an EJB JAR is controlled by the settings you have selected using the Properties dialog box: 1 Right-click the EJB module in the project pane. 2 Choose Properties. 3 Select the Content node in the left pane of the Properties dialog box. 4 Use this page to determine what goes in the JAR. For information about working with filters, see Adding filters in the Using the Archive Builder and the Native Executable Builder chapter of Building Applications with JBuilder. By default, JBuilder adds a set of default include filters based on file types. It also parses the module s deployment descriptors to figure out the required classes, which works in combination with any custom filters you have set. The option to include class dependencies is turned on by default. To turn off this behavior and to customize the classes and files included in the EJB JAR, uncheck the option Only Include Module Specific Classes on the Content page and add custom filters to control content. The Content|Dependencies page allows you to include dependent libraries. Any JARs defined in included libraries are expanded and included in the EJB JAR. You can also choose to specify a custom manifest for your EJBs. Use the Content| Manifest page. Editing deployment descriptors JBuilder s DD editor provides a way to modify the existing deployment descriptors. You can, however, choose to use any other deployment descriptor editing tool you want. To display the DD editor, double-click the EJB module in the project pane and click the EJB Module DD Editor tab at the bottom of the content page. The EJB DD editor appears. For information about using the DD editor, see Chapter 13, Editing EJB deployment descriptors. Chapter 10: Compiling enterprise beans and creating a deployment module 89
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